Muscle weakness refers to a reduction in the strength that muscles can exert. Unlike fatigue, which is a temporary sensation of tiredness, true muscle weakness involves a physical limitation in generating force. It can affect one muscle group or be widespread, depending on the underlying cause.

• Disuse and inactivity: Prolonged sitting, bed rest, or a sedentary lifestyle leads to muscle atrophy.
• Nutritional deficiencies: Inadequate intake of protein, vitamin D, or magnesium impairs muscle repair.
• Neurological or muscular diseases: Conditions such as muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, or motor neuron disease directly affect muscle performance.
• Metabolic and endocrine disorders: Diabetes, hypothyroidism, and chronic kidney disease can impair muscle metabolism.

In many cases, especially among older adults, muscle weakness goes unnoticed until daily functioning is affected. The condition is often overlooked, but early detection and intervention can reverse or slow progression. Muscle strengthening exercises, physiotherapy, and nutritional correction are essential components of recovery.