Non-Disease Causes of Muscle Loss
Muscle loss can occur even in the absence of chronic disease. These non-disease-related factors are often modifiable and present opportunities for early intervention.
Ageing and Sarcopenia
Starting in the fourth decade of life, people begin to lose muscle mass at a rate of up to 1% per year. Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle, is a major cause of frailty in older adults.
Physical Inactivity
Lack of regular movement due to desk jobs, prolonged bed rest, or sedentary lifestyles leads to disuse atrophy.
Poor Nutrition
Diets low in protein, essential amino acids, and micronutrients like vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium contribute to impaired muscle synthesis.
Hormonal Changes
Age-related declines in testosterone, oestrogen, and growth hormone can reduce the body's ability to maintain muscle mass.
Sleep Deprivation and Stress
Chronic stress and poor sleep quality disrupt hormonal balance, affecting muscle recovery and growth.
Electrolyte Imbalance and Dehydration
Essential minerals like potassium, sodium, and calcium are critical for muscle contraction. Imbalances can lead to cramps and muscle fatigue.
Prevention and Management
Addressing these factors with simple interventions like strength training, dietary optimisation, and sleep hygiene can significantly improve muscle health and overall wellbeing.